Turkey

Ploutonion at Hierapolis

Hellenistic ritual cave sanctuary in Denizli, Turkey

Location

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Historical Context

About

The Ploutonion at Hierapolis (Ancient Greek: Πλουτώνειον Ploutōneion, lit "Place of Pluto"; Latin: Plutonium) or Pluto's Gate was a ploutonion (a religious site dedicated to the god Pluto) in the ancient city of Hierapolis near Pamukkale in modern Turkey's Denizli Province. The site was discovered in 1965 by Italian archaeologists, who published reports on their excavations throughout the decade. Following the studies carried out on site in 1998, a geologist of the Italian National Research Council, Luigi Piccardi, recognized that the origin of both the Ploutonion and of the nearby Apollo's Oracle of Hierapolis was linked to the existence of the surface trace of a seismic fault, on which both sanctuaries were purposely built and which was revered as Gateway of Hades. In 2013, it was further explored by Italian archaeologists led by Francesco D'Andria, a professor of archaeology at the University of Salento. As part of a restoration project, a replica of the marble statue of Hades and Cerberus has been restored to its original place. The statue is known to have been there in ancient times.

Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Classical Period
Post-Classical Period
Early Modern Period
Industrial Period
Contemporary Period
Temporal Epochs

Historical Timeline

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City founded

c. 190 BC

Site functional until

4th century AD

Destruction by earthquakes

6th century AD

Site discovered by archaeologists

1965

Geological study linking fault to sanctuary

1998

Modern exploration led by D'Andria

2013

Classification

Archaeological Features

Unique architectural and cultural elements found at this historical site

category

Public and Civic Structures

Plazas
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Religious and Ritual Structures

Temples
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Artistic and Decorative Features

Statues
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Environmental and Natural Features

Modified CavesRock Shelters
Knowledge Base

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Reference

Details

Country

Turkey

Coordinates

37.93° N, 29.13° E