Medicine Creek (Republican River tributary)

Medicine Creek is a 96-mile-long (154 km) tributary of the Republican River in Nebraska. Medicine Creek rises in an outlying portion of the Nebraska Sand Hills near the unincorporated community of Somerset in Lincoln County and flows southeast through Frontier County to its confluence with the Republican River .5 miles (0.80 km) east of Cambridge, in Furnas County, Nebraska. About 7 miles (11 km) north of Cambridge, the Medicine Creek Dam impounds the Harry Strunk reservoir, 1,850 acres (750 ha) in area and primarily created for flood-control. A state park and recreational area is located around the dam and lower portion of the reservoir. Medicine Creek is spring fed. Water quality is good and quantity is reliable. Medicine Creek flows through mixed grass prairies, intermediate between the tallgrass prairie to the east the shortgrass prairie (steppe) to the west. Precipitation is highly variable but averages 50 cm (20 in) per year which is the minimum required for unirrigated agriculture in the Great Plains. Forests are found in the stream bottoms along Medicine Creek and its tributaries. Cambridge, with a population of about 1,000 in 2020, is the largest town in the basin of Medicine Creek. "Medicine" as a name applied to geographic features is fairly common in the western United States for places associated with Native Americans (Indians). Medicine Creek was a well-watered and wooded corridor between the Republican and Platte Rivers dating from pre-historic times. A band of Oglala Dakota called the Cut-off Oglala took up residence near Stockville in 1870. In the same year white cattlemen began to settle near the creek. In fall 1872, the Oglala chief Whistler and two more Oglala were murdered, probably by white bison hunters, and in 1873-1874 the Oglala departed the valley to reside on a reservation.