United States

Montezuma Castle National Monument

Sinagua cliff dwelling in Arizona

Location

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Historical Context

About

Montezuma Castle National Monument protects a set of well-preserved dwellings located in Camp Verde, Arizona, which were built and used by the Sinagua people, a pre-Columbian culture closely related to the Hohokam and other indigenous peoples of the southwestern United States, between approximately AD 1100 and 1425. The main structure comprises five stories and about 20 rooms and was built over the course of three centuries. Several Hopi clans and Yavapai communities trace their ancestries to early immigrants from the Montezuma Castle/Beaver Creek area. Archaeological evidence proves that the Hohokam and Hakataya settled around or in the Verde Valley. Clan members periodically return to these ancestral homes for religious ceremonies.

Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Classical Period
Post-Classical Period
Early Modern Period
Industrial Period
Contemporary Period
Temporal Epochs

Historical Timeline

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Main cliff dwelling construction

mid-1100s AD

National Monument declaration

December 8, 1906

National Register listing

October 15, 1966

Early occupation evidence

c. 700 AD

Sunset Crater eruption

11th century

Permanent dwellings appear

c. 1050 AD

Resettlement of Verde Valley

after 1125 AD

Population peak

c. 1300 AD

Latest estimated occupation

c. 1425 AD

European-American observation and naming

1860s

Montezuma Well purchase

1947

Interior closed to visitors

1951

Classification

Archaeological Features

Unique architectural and cultural elements found at this historical site

category

Water Management Features

Irrigation CanalsWells
category

Industrial and Craft Structures

Workshops
category

Domestic and Habitation Structures

HousesVillagesCaves
category

Environmental and Natural Features

Rock SheltersModified Caves
Knowledge Base

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Reference

Details

Country

United States

Coordinates

34.61° N, -111.84° E