Pine Tree Mound

Pine Tree Mound was the political and ceremonial center of the Nadaco Caddo Native American people located south of what is now Harrison County in Texas. Located between Potters and Starkey creeks, approximately 7.3 km north of the convergence of Potters Creek with the Sabine River floodplain, the site encompasses an upland area measuring 800 meters from east to west and 720 meters north to south. Dominating the landscape are three earthen mounds ranging from 0.4 to 2.4 meters in height above the terrain. These mounds, along with a potential buried mound, multiple off-mound structures, a plaza, and at least one burial ground, form the main site which covers an area of about 360 meters in both dimensions and spans 27 acres. The Pine Tree Mound site was a prominent testament to the Titus phase of Caddo archaeology. It is now owned and preserved by the Archaeological Conservancy after being abandoned for centuries by its original inhabitants.