UNESCO World Heritage SiteUNESCO Heritage
India

Descent of the Ganges (Mahabalipuram)

Pallava open-air rock relief, 7th century CE, India

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Historical Context

About

Descent of the Ganges, known locally as Arjuna's Penance, is a monument at Mamallapuram, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, in the Chengalpattu district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Measuring 96 by 43 feet (29 m × 13 m), it is a giant open-air rock relief carved on two monolithic rock boulders. The legend depicted in the relief is the story of the descent of the sacred river Ganges to earth from the heavens led by Bhagiratha. The waters of the Ganges are believed to possess supernatural powers. The descent of the Ganges and Arjuna's Penance are portrayed in stone at the Pallava heritage site. The relief is more of a canvas of Indian rock cut sculpture at its best not seen anywhere else in India. It is one of the Group of Monuments at Mamallapuram that were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984.

Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Classical Period
Post-Classical Period
Early Modern Period
Industrial Period
Contemporary Period
Temporal Epochs

Historical Timeline

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Relief creation

7th century

Reign of Narasimhavarman I

630–668 CE

Chola adoption of technique

late 9th century

UNESCO World Heritage inscription

1984

Classification

Archaeological Features

Unique architectural and cultural elements found at this historical site

category

Water Management Features

Cisterns
category

Religious and Ritual Structures

Temples
category

Artistic and Decorative Features

ReliefsStatuesMonuments
category

Environmental and Natural Features

Rock Shelters
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Reference

Details

Country

India

Coordinates

12.62° N, 80.20° E