Qalhat

Qalhat, an ancient city in Oman, played a significant role in the Indian Ocean trade network and was known as the second city of the Kingdom of Ormus. The city gained historical prominence through visits by notable figures such as Marco Polo in the 13th century, who referred to it as Calatu, and Ibn Battuta in the 14th century, who admired its fine bazaars and a beautiful mosque built by Bibi Maryam. Despite its thriving trade and cultural exchanges with regions as far as Persia and China, the city faced decline in the 16th century when trade shifted to Muscat and following its capture by Afonso de Albuquerque for the Portuguese Empire. Recent research suggests seismic activity along the Qalhat Fault may have contributed to its decline. The city was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018, highlighting its historical and archaeological significance.