Aquae Helveticae

Aquae Helveticae, located in present-day Baden, Switzerland, was a significant Roman vicus and mineral spa established around the early 1st century CE. The settlement thrived due to its proximity to the Roman legion camp at Vindonissa, leveraging its hot springs for both local use and trade. Initially constructed with wooden structures, the vicus was rebuilt in stone following destruction in 69 CE. Although the settlement's economy waned after the legion's departure in 101 CE, it experienced a resurgence in the late 2nd century CE due to thriving pottery and bronze trade. Despite invasions in the 3rd century CE, the baths continued to operate, with fortifications and minting occurring in the 4th century CE. Repaired in the 11th century, the baths highlight the site's enduring significance throughout history.