Time Periods
Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Classical Period
Post-Classical Period
Early Modern Period
Industrial Period
Contemporary Period
Time Periods
Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Chalcolithic
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Classical Period
Post-Classical Period
Early Modern Period
Industrial Period
Contemporary Period
Location
About
The Pambamarca Fortress Complex in northern Ecuador is a significant archaeological site, showcasing the Inca Empire's military prowess and architectural ingenuity. Consisting of 14 hilltop fortresses, or pukaras, the complex was constructed in the late 15th century CE to assert Inca dominance over local chiefdoms, particularly the Cayambe. The fortresses are strategically positioned on the northern slopes of the Pambamarca Volcano, with Quitoloma being the most prominent, featuring defensive walls and a ceremonial platform. The site's architecture reflects its dual role as a military stronghold and administrative center. The intense conflict, marked by the Incas' protracted battles with the Cayambe and Caranqui, is evidenced by the concentration of fortresses in this region, highlighting its importance in the Inca expansion northward.
Archaeological Features
Explore the unique architectural and cultural elements found at this historical site
Defensive Structures
Military Installations
Religious and Ritual Structures
Transportation and Communication Structures
Historical Timeline
Journey through time and discover key events in this site's archaeological history
Plan Your Visit
Details
- Country
- Ecuador
- Source
- Wikipedia
More Sites in Ecuador
Catequilla
Pre-Columbian astronomical observatory on equator
Tumebamba
Ruined Inca city, northern capital, monumental stones.
Inca-Caranqui
Inca ceremonial site with earthen mounds.
Pambamarca
Eroded stratovolcano with Inca fortresses.
Cojitambo
Inca and pre-Inca hilltop archaeological site
Cochasquí
Extensive pre-Columbian pyramids and burial mounds