Wadi al-Jarf

Wadi al-Jarf is an archaeological site located on the Red Sea coast of Egypt, recognized as the world's oldest known artificial harbor, dating back approximately 4,500 years to the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt. The site features a harbor complex with a stone jetty, storage galleries, and a building of unknown function, believed to be associated with maritime activities. Notably, it contains numerous anchors and storage jars, indicative of trade and transportation activities. The discovery of papyrus fragments, including the Diary of Merer, at the site provides invaluable insights into the logistics of pyramid construction and daily life during Pharaoh Khufu's reign. These papyri are the oldest ever found in Egypt, emphasizing the site's historical significance.