Nisa, Turkmenistan

Nisa was an ancient Parthian settlement located near modern Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. It is considered one of the earliest seats of the Arsacid Empire, traditionally thought to be founded by Arsaces I around the 3rd century BCE. The site gained prominence as a major trading hub within the Parthian Empire and was later renamed Mithradātkert by Mithridates I in the 2nd century BCE. Archaeological excavations have uncovered significant defensive and funerary structures such as fortresses and mausoleums, along with Hellenistic art, inscriptions, and ivory rhytons. The site was known for its strategic importance and the beauty of its horses. However, Nisa was destroyed by an earthquake in the 1st century BCE. In 2007, it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, highlighting its historical and cultural significance.