Trowulan

Trowulan, located in East Java, Indonesia, is an expansive archaeological site recognized as the former capital of the Majapahit Empire, known as Wilwatikta. Covering approximately 100 square kilometers, the site showcases a variety of archaeological features, including defensive walls, palaces, temples, and marketplaces, all constructed primarily from red brick. The city is richly described in the 14th-century Nagarakretagama poem, highlighting its architectural and cultural significance. Recent excavations have revealed a complex urban layout with evidence of dense population, industrial activities, and water management systems dating to the 14th and 15th centuries CE. Trowulan was the epicenter of Majapahit's political and cultural life until its destruction in 1478 CE. Today, it holds valuable insights into the socio-economic and religious practices of the time, with many artifacts preserved in the Trowulan Museum.