Pungnaptoseong

Pungnap Toseong is an ancient earthen fortification located in Pungnap-dong, Seoul, South Korea. With a circumference of approximately 3.5 km and an area of nearly 859,508 m², it is a significant archaeological site believed to be Hanam Wiryeseong, the first capital of the Baekje kingdom. This defensive structure, characterized by its oval shape, was strategically built at the edge of the Han River. The fortification's walls, composed mainly of sandy soil, grit, clayish soil, and muddy soil, were originally 2.7 km long. The construction technique involved layering pebbles and trimmed stones with mud, forming a trapezoidal shape. Despite partial destruction by flooding, it remains an important cultural and historical landmark, offering insights into the architectural and defensive strategies of early Korean states.