Temnin el-Foka

Temnin el-Foka, a village in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon, is distinguished by its Roman nymphaeum, indicating a significant interaction with Roman architecture and water management practices. The nymphaeum, an arched watercourse leading to an underground cistern, is a testament to sophisticated engineering techniques and religious or ritual significance. The presence of a boundary pillar carved with a goddess suggests possible religious or ritual functions tied to the water source. The village has a history of continuous settlement since Roman times. In the Ottoman period, it was documented in tax registers, revealing a predominantly Muslim population. This site offers insights into the cultural and historical dynamics of the region, displaying influences from both classical and early modern periods.